Contents

List of Maps, Figures, Illustrations and Tables
Acknowledgements
Note on Transliteration

Introduction

• Kazakhstani Germans and the Study of Nationalities in Central Asia
• Concepts of Ethnicity
• Based on Cultural Grounds – Ethnicity as a Resource – Categorization and Power – A Product of Individual Life Experience – Ethnic Boundaries as Cultural Schemas
• Fieldwork in Taldykorgan

PART I: MEMORIES, HISTORIES AND LIFE STORIES

Chapter 1. Memories and Histories

• Shifting Memories of the Past
• The Deportation of 1941 – Discrimination against Germans –  Transition and Continuity – The Hard-Working German    
• The Russian Empire: Colonization of the Kazakh Steppe
• The Russian Empire: the Settlers from the German States
• The Soviet Union: Concepts of Nation and Nationality
• The Soviet Union: Its Formation and Nationality Policies
• National Delineation – Collectivization – Facing the Menace of the German Reich: The Passport System and Deportations – The Kazakh SSR after 1945
• Kazakhstan: The Formation of a Nation-State and the Role of Nationality
• ‘Kazakhization’ – Language Policies – Kazakhstani Identity – Kazakhstani Germans

Chapter 2. The Enmeshment of Identities and Life Stories

• The Truth of Life Stories
• Four Life Stories, Four Identity Types
• Soviet Identity – Kazakhstani Identity – Russian German Identity – Kazakhstani German Identity
• Summary

PART II: NATIONALITY, POWER AND CHANGE

Chapter 3. Assessing Nationality

• Nationality as a Unifier of Territorial Belonging, Language, Religion
• and ‘Mentality’
• Common Ancestry – Language – Religion – ‘Mentality’
• National Dichotomies
• Kazakh Primordialism vs. Russian Constructionism
• Kazakhs’ Esteem – Russians’ Inclusiveness    
• Normative Entanglements
• Summary

Chapter 4. Everyday Nationality in the Kazakh Nation-State

• ‘The Friendship of Peoples—Is Our Wealth!’
• Losing Language Hegemony
• Identification: Strategies and Emotions
• Kazakhstan as a Homeland
• Summary

PART III: NON-MIGRANTS' SOCIAL TIES

Migration and Social Networks

Chapter 5. Relations in the Locality: Ethnic Mixing and Missing Kazakhs

• The Relevance of Nationality in Personal Networks
• The Relevance of Nationality in Marriages
• Is there a ‘German Community’ in Taldykorgan?
• Summary

Chapter 6. Disruption in the Transnational Social Field

• Relatives and Friends Abroad
• Exodus to a ‘Historic Homeland’
• Views on Germany
• Networks and Identity
• Summary

PART IV: THE EFFECT OF TWO STATES' POLICIES OF 'GERMANNESS' ON KAZAKHSTANI GERMANS

Chapter 7. Changing Transnational Institutions

• The ‘German House’
• Support from Germany
• Socializing with other Germans
• A Parish in Transition from ‘German’ to ‘Lutheran’
• The German House in Transition
• Summary

Chapter 8. The Divergent Ethnic Policies of Kazakhstan and Germany

• The Kazakh State’s Official Promotion of Interethnic Harmony
• The German State’s Contradictory Policies
• Summary

Conclusion: Germans at Home in Kazakhstan

• Identity and Memories
• Identities and Identifications
• Friendship of the Peoples?
• Exclusion through Inclusion: The Role of Personal and Institutional Links to Germany

References
Appendix