Chapter 1. The Paradox of Mixing and Border Crossing: A Necessary Reliance on Unit Thinking
Chapter 2. The Paradox of Standardization: Normative Unit Thinking and Its Simultaneous Homogenization and Hierarchical Differentiation
Chapter 3. The Paradox of Narrative: The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy of the New and the Different
Chapter 4. The Paradox of Proximity: Subject Position Proximity and the Oppositional Articulation of Difference
Chapter 5. The Paradox of Tolerance: Cultural Relativism, Othering, and “Seeing Difference in Similarity”

Conclusion: Challenging Paradoxes of Difference toward Post-Unit Thinking

Glossary
References
Index

The Paradox of Difference

Moving Beyond Border Crossing, Translanguaging, and Unit Thinking

Neriko Musha Doerr

182 pages, bibliog., index

ISBN 978-1-83695-311-1 Hb Published (December 2025)

eISBN 978-1-83695-312-8
web ISBN 978-1-83695-312-8

Details

“True to its title, The Paradox of Difference offers fresh ways of thinking about how variances among places and groups of people are constructed and rendered meaningful and with what consequences. It is a highly considerate text; the author uses clear, precise language throughout each chapter and distills dense theoretical concepts well.” • Cori Jakubiak, Grinnell College

Sociocultural environments prompt us to notice and mark certain differences over others. This book investigates five paradoxes in the discourses and practices around such differences: the paradox of mixing, standardization, narrative, proximity, and tolerance. Drawing on the notion of unit thinking, it explores how perceived differences emerge fluidly in specific contexts. Through critical analyses of race studies, language education, global education/study abroad, and volunteer/service work, the book examines how these fields build on or capitalize on pre-conceived differences. It opens up discussions for new understandings of differences that challenge essentialist framings and inform alternative practices.

Neriko Musha Doerr is Adjunct Professor at Ramapo College. Her publications include Fairies, Ghosts, and Santa Claus (Berghhahn, 2022), Transforming Study Abroad: A Handbook (Berghahn, 2020), The Global Education Effect and Japan: Constructing New Borders and Identification Practices (Routledge, 2020).

Subject: Theory and Methodology Refugee and Migration Studies

Area:

BISAC: SOC002010 SOCIAL SCIENCE/Anthropology/Cultural & Social; SOC026040 SOCIAL SCIENCE/Sociology/Social Theory; LAN009050 LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES/Linguistics/Sociolinguistics*

berghahn New York · Oxford

Contents

The Paradox of Difference

Moving Beyond Border Crossing, Translanguaging, and Unit Thinking

Neriko Musha Doerr

Subject: Theory and Methodology Refugee and Migration Studies

Area:

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Contents

The Paradox of Difference

Moving Beyond Border Crossing, Translanguaging, and Unit Thinking

Neriko Musha Doerr

Subject: Theory and Methodology Refugee and Migration Studies

Area: