Contents

List of Figures
List of Tables

Foreword by Hastings Donnan

Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations

Introduction: Memorials as Silent Extras or Scripted Actors?

• Book Outline

Chapter 1. Collective Memory and the Politics of Memorialisation: a Theoretical Overview

• Memory in the Social World: Collectiveness versus Individuality
• The Shaping of Collective Memory: Present versus Past
• Lieux de Mémoireas Conveyors of Social Memory
• Politicised Remembering: the Nexus between Memory and Power
  • The Politics of War Memory and Commemoration
• The Memory Makers and the Projection of Narratives about the Past
• Methodological Framework
  • Database of Memorials
  • Survey of Local Population
  • Interviews
  • Commemorations

Chapter 2. The Armalite and the Paintbrush: a Brief History of Memorialization of the Troubles in Northern Ireland

• Commemorating during the Troubles
  • Funerals and Communal Burials
  • Annual Commemorations
• The Mural Painting Tradition in Northern Ireland
  • The Early Years
  • Armed Struggle and Party-political Murals
  • Post-ceasefire and Peace Process Murals
• The 1998 Agreement and the ‘Boom’ of Permanent Memorialization
  • Post-Agreement Murals
• Permanent Memorials
  • Memorials to Paramilitary Combatants
  • Memorials to Civilian Casualties
  • Memorials to Security Forces
  • Memorials in Government Buildings, Party Offices, Workplaces and Churches
  • Commemorative Banners and Memorial Bands
  • Memorial Publications, Commemorative Pamphlets and Oral History Projects
  • Memorial Prizes, Awards and Trophies
• Post-conflict Commemorations
• Peace or Cross-community Memorials

Chapter 3. The ‘Landscape of Memorialization’ in Belfast: Spatial and Temporal Reflections

• ‘New’ Cultural Geography and the Concept of Landscape as ‘Text’
• Belfast and the Ethnicization of Space
• The Spatial Dimension of Memorialization
  • Memorials as Territorial Markers
  • Memorials as Aide-Mémoires  
  • Memorials as Sacred Places
• The Temporal Dimension of Memorialization
  • Memorials: End of the War or Continuation through Different Means?
  • Memorials: still here or never again?
  • Memorials as Identity ‘Crutches’

Chapter 4. The ‘Memory Makers’ and the Projection of Narratives of the Troubles

• Individual ‘Stories’ versus the Collective ‘History’ of the Troubles: the Power of the Narrative
• Republican and Loyalist Memorials: the Projection of Opposing Narratives of The Troubles
  • Two Imagined Communities: Creating a Symbolic National Identification
• Cherry-picking from History: Opposing Versions of a Shared Past
  • Ancestries of Resistance: Manufacturing Genealogies
  • Forgetting to Remember: Social Amnesia and Euphemization
  • Delegitimizing the Enemy: Demonization and Stigmatization
• Talkative Dead Bodies: the Politics of Commemorations

Chapter 5. The Clonard Martyrs Memorial Garden: Constructing a Dominant Republican Narrative

• The 1998 Agreement and the Prisoners’ ‘Issue’: the Formation of Ex-prisoners’ Groups
  • The Greater Clonard Ex-Prisoners’ Association
• Enlisting the ‘Unsung Heroes’ in the Republican Narrative: Local History and Memorial Projects
• The Clonard Martyrs Memorial GardeN
  • Planning Permission and Relationship with Local Authorities
  • Funding, Building Materials and Manpower
• Construction of a Successful Dominant Narrative: Iconography, Language and Historical Selection
• Perpetuating Collective Memory: Periodic cCommemorations in Clonard          

Chapter 6. The IRSP/INLA Teach Na Fáilte Memorial Committee: Constructing a Sectional Republican Narrative

• The IRSP/INLA Teach Na Fáilte Memorial Committee
• Reclaiming a Place in History for the INLA: the 1981 Hunger Strike
• Advancing a Sectional Narrative of the Troubles: the Belfast Teach Na Fáilte’s Memorial Programme
  • Unveiling ceremonies
• Provisional Republican and Republican Socialist Commemorations
• Opposing the Dominant Republican Narrative: Post-1998 Republican Socialist Rhetoric

Chapter 7. The 1913 UVF and the Myth of the Somme: Constructing a Loyalist ‘Golden Age’

• ‘Lest We Forget’: Loyalist Landscape of Memorialization
• ‘From the Battlefields of the Somme to the Barricades of the Shankill’: Borrowing Legitimacy
  • Mainstream Unionism, Republicanism and the Modern UVF Narrative
• Disraeli Street: an Iconic Cluster of Memory
  • Loyalist Commemorations in Memory of Paramilitary Casualties
• Changing with the History Tune: the Evolution of the UVF Narrative          

Chapter 8. The UDA Sandy Row Memorial Garden: Attempting a Narrative of Symbolic Accretion

• ‘You Are now Entering Loyalist Sandy Row’
• Tiptoeing through History in Search of Illustrious ‘Forefathers’
• The Sandy Row Memorial Garden: Attempting to Appropriate the Myth of the Somme
  • Lay Out and Iconography
• Role of Families in the Memorial Process
• Remembrance Day
• ‘What the World Needs now Is Love, Sweet love’: 2007 UDA Remembrance Sunday
• ‘Awakening the Sleeping Giant’: Macro and Micropolitics at Commemorations

Chapter 9. Dissecting Consensus: Memory Receivers and the Narrative’s ‘Hidden Transcript’

• Paramilitary Groups and Local Communities: a Complex Relationship
• Coexisting in Ambivalence: Memorials and Local Residents
  • Consultation and ‘Ownership’
  • Cohabiting the Same Space
• Reasons behind Memorialization
  • Social Memory
  • Territorialization
  • Historical Change
  • Politico-ideological Exercise

Chapter 10. The Memory of the Dead: Seeking Common Ground?

• At Last, a Common Ground in Northern Ireland?         

Appendix A: List of Memorials
Appendix B: Emblems and Flags

Bibliography
Index